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Aravind, N. A.

Conservation of Cremnoconchus Blanford 1869, an Iconic Freshwater Gastropod Genus from the Western Ghats, India

Abstract Views :202 | PDF Views:89

Authors

N. A. Aravind ¹, Roshmi Rekha Sarma ¹, N. A. Madhyastha ¹

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru 560 064, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 111, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 1097-1103

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems in the Western Ghats are fragile and highly susceptible to environmental disturbances. The freshwater biota is particularly vulnerable because even the slightest change in habitat can lead to extinction. Freshwater gastropods are an important and diverse group in the freshwater ecosystem, accounting for about 20% of all metazoan animal recorded extinctions. The Western Ghats in India harbours an endemic genus of freshwater mollusc, Cremnoconchus. To date, 12 species of Cremnoconchus are known, and they are recorded only from the spray zones of waterfalls in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. They are point endemic and confined to the western escarpments of the Ghats between 300 m to 1400 m asl. Only three species have been assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Given the limited distribution and vulnerability to environmental changes of all known Cremnoconchus species, we assess their conservation status using standard 'Red List' criteria and recommend conservation measures.

Keywords

Critically Endangered, Endemic Radiation, Mollusc, Red List, Waterfalls.

Full Text

Recovery of Critically Endangered Plant Species in India:Need for a Comprehensive Approach

Abstract Views :294 | PDF Views:108

Authors

G. Ravikanth ¹, M. R. Jagadish ¹, R. Vasudeva ², R. Uma Shaanker ¹, N. A. Aravind ¹

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru 560 064, IN
2 College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi 581 401, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 03 (2018), Pagination: 504-511

Abstract

There has been a growing concern about the increasing number of species that are globally threatened. Developmental projects, and increased dependence on forests both for sustenance and livelihood have rendered many species threatened. In the Indian context, more than 150 species are critically endangered and require immediate intervention to sustain their populations. A number of plant species are destructively extracted solely from the forests. Apart from anthropogenic threats, several species are threatened due to invasive species and climate change. In the light of increasing and continued threats, species recovery is the only viable option for restoring many of them from extinction. Here, we review the existing recovery programmes in the country and suggest a comprehensive approach in the conservation and recovery of many of the critically endangered species. We highlight issues that need to be addressed and discuss strategies for recovering the critically endangered species in the country.

Keywords

Endangered Plants, Ecological Interactions, Genetic Enrichment, Niche Modelling, Species Recovery.

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References

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USFWS, US Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program, 1992; http://endangered.fws.gov/recovery, summary of listed species listed populations and recovery plans as of Tuesday, 4 April 2017, 08:52:52 GMT.

Vasudeva, R., Raghu, H. B., Dasappa, Uma Shaanker, R. and Ganeshaiah, K. N., Population structure, reproductive biology and conservation of Semecarpus kathalekanensis: a critically endangered freshwater swamp tree species of the Western Ghats. In Forest Genetic Resources: Status, Threats and Conservation Strategies (eds Uma Shaanker, R., Ganeshaiah, K. N. and Bawa, K. S.), Oxford and IBH Publications, New Delhi, 2001, pp. 211–223.

Puttaswamy, H., Kushalappa, C. G., Ajayan, K. V. and Sathish, B. N., Distribution and population status of a critically endangered tree species Dipterocarpus bourdillonii Brandis in central Western Ghats. In Proceedings of International Forestry Environment Symposium, 2012, vol. 15, pp. 150–154.

Ved, D. K., Medicinal plants trade in India – an overview. In Proceedings of the Conference on Policies, Management, Utilization and Conservation of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the South Asia Region (eds Hiremath, A. J., Joseph, G. C. and Uma Shaanker, R.), Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment, Bangalore and Forestry Research Support Program for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organisation, Bangkok, 2003.

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Ismail, S. A., Ghazoul, J., Ravikanth, G., Uma Shaanker, R., Kushalappa, C. G. and Kettle, C. J., Does long distance pollen dispersal preclude inbreeding in tropical trees? Fragmentation genetics of Dysoxylum malabaricum in an agro-forest landscape. Mol. Ecol., 2012, 21(22), 5484–5496; doi:10.1111/mec.12054.

Ismail, S. A., Ghazoul, J., Ravikanth, G., Kushalappa, C. G., Uma Shaanker, R. and Kettle, C. J., Forest trees in human modified landscapes: ecological and genetic drivers of recruitment failure in Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae). PLOS ONE, 2014, 9(2), e89437; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089437.

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Vasudeva, R., Raghu, H. B., Suraj, P. G., Ravikanth, G., Uma Shaanker, R. and Ganeshaiah, K. N., Can we restore critically endangered tree species of the Western Ghats through recovery plans? In Proceedings of the Workshop on Conservation and research Needs of the Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) Tree Species in Kerala part of the Western Ghats (eds Kallarackal, J., Swarupanandan, K. and Sharma, J. K.), KFRI Publications, Thrissur, Kerala, 2003.

Yadav, S. R., Chandore, A. N., Nimbalkar, M. S. and Gurav, R. V., Reintroduction of Hubbardia heptaneuron Bor, a critically endangered endemic grass in Western Ghats. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96(7), 879–880.

Chandore, A. N., Nimbalkar, M. S., Gurav, R. V., Bapat, V. A. and Yadav, S. R., A protocol for multiplication and restoration of Ceropegia fantastica Sedgw.: a critically endangered plant species. Curr. Sci., 2010, 99(11), 1593–1596.

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Shivaprakash, K. N., Ravikanth, G., Barve, N., Ghazoul, J., Ganeshaiah, K. N. and Uma Shaanker, R., Do ecological niche model predictions reflect the adaptive landscape of species? A test using Myristica malabarica Lam., an endemic tree in the Western Ghats, India. PLOS ONE, 2013, 8(11), e82066; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082066.

Thriveni, H. N., Srikanth Gunaga, H. N., Ramesh Babu and Vasudeva, R., Ecological niche modeling, population status and regeneration of Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. (Menispermaceae): a medicinally important liana of the central Western Ghats. Trop. Ecol., 2015, 56(1), 101–110.

Adhikari, D., Barik, S. and Upadhaya, K., Habitat distribution modelling for reintroduction of Ilex khasiana Purk., a critically endangered tree species of northeastern India. Ecol. Eng., 2012, 40, 37–43.

Priti, H., Aravind, N. A., Uma Shaanker, R. and Ravikanth, G., Modeling impacts of future climate on the distribution of Myristicaceae species in the Western Ghats, India. Ecol. Eng., 2016, 89, 14–23.

Sen, S., Gode, A., Ramanujam, S., Ravikanth, G. and Aravind, N. A., Modeling the impact of climate change on wild Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) in Western Ghats, India using ecological niche models. J. Plant Sci., 2016; doi:10.1007/s10265-016-0859-3.

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Uma Shaanker, R., Ganeshaiah, K. N., Nageswara Rao, M. and Ravikanth, G., Forest gene banks – a new integrated approach for the conservation of forest tree genetic resources, In Managing Plant Genetic Resources (eds Engels, J. M. M., Brown, A. H. D. and Jackson, M. T.), CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxford shire, UK, 2002, pp. 229–235.

Arun Kumar, A. N., Joshi, G. and Mohan Ram, H. Y., Sandalwood: history, uses, present status and the future. Curr. Sci., 2012, 103(12), 1408–1416.

Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation with Agricultural Intensification: Challenges and Opportunities for India

Abstract Views :303 | PDF Views:83

Authors

Vikram Aditya ¹, P. S. Sumashini ¹, N. A. Aravind ¹, G. Ravikanth ¹, Chandrashekara Krishnappa ², R. Uma Shaanker ²

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Sriramapura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru 560 064, IN
2 School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 560 065, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 118, No 12 (2020), Pagination: 1870-1873

Abstract

India will surpass China as the world’s most populous country by 2050, with a projected population of 1.67 billion¹. Al-though the rate of population growth has decreased, the total fertility rate of 2.2 will keep India’s population growing for decades². The challenges posed by such increase in population to India’s food security, already under strain from land and resource scarcity, are enormous. Climate change and extreme weather events are already impacting agricultural production, disproportionately affecting vulnerable sections of society through higher food prices, lost livelihood opportunities, adverse health impacts and displacement.

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Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation with Agricultural Intensification

Laevicaulis haroldi (Veronicellidae: Gastropoda), A Potential Future Invaderto India

Abstract Views :186 | PDF Views:83

Authors

Biswa Bhusana Mahapatra ¹, N. A. Aravind ¹

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 11 (2021), Pagination: 1781-1785

Abstract

Invasive alien species are considered one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, ecosystem services, economy and human health. Global climate change will only exacerbate the impact of several invasive species in the introduced range. Hence the control and management of invasive species is crucial. Spatial tools such as GIS/RS and ecological niche models can help understand the potential region where the species might invade and predict invasive spread under different climate change scenarios. This study explores if the newly introduced slug from South Africa, Laevicaulis haroldi (Purcell’s hunter slug or caterpillar slug) will become invasive in India under current as well as future climate scenarios. Our result suggests that most parts of western and Peninsular India are vulnerable to the invasion, and suitable regions will only increase under both climate change scenarios. It calls for the early detection and management of this potential invader to India.

Keywords

Climate Change Scenarios, Economic Loss, Invasive Alien Species, Laevicaulis haroldi, Niche Modelling.

Full Text

References

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Did Microhyla kodial (Anura: Microhylidae) disperse naturally or through humans?

Abstract Views :152 | PDF Views:78

Authors

N. A. Aravind ¹, Vineeth K. Kumar ², K. V. Gururaja ³, Praveen Karanth ⁴

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bengaluru 560 064, India; Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed-to-be) University, Derlakatte, Mangaluru 575 018, India, IN
2 Centre for Advanced Learning, Kottara Cross, Bejai, Mangaluru 575 004, India, IN
3 Srishti Manipal Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India, IN
4 Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 10 (2022), Pagination: 1193-1194

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Predicting Potential Distribution, Range Change and Niche Dynamics for Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde: A Threatened Medicinal Plant under Climatic Change

Abstract Views :55 | PDF Views:34

Authors

Monalisa Jena ¹, Manas Ranjan Mohanta ¹, Bipin Charles ², N. A. Aravind ², G. Ravikanth ², Sudam Charan Sahu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757 003, IN
2 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560 064, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 9 (2023), Pagination: 989-998

Abstract

In the Anthropocene era, understanding the impact of climate change on niche shift, species distribution, and habitat change is increasingly important for the conservation of biodiversity. In this respect, species distribution models have been considered an important tool over the last decade. The present study illustrates distributional change, niche dynamics and climatic shifts of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde in India, a proven medicinal plant and a listed threatened species by IUCN, under different climate change scenarios using MaxEnt. The robustness of the model was satisfactory (AUC = 0.936), indicating a good fit. There could be a significant gain in suitable habitat between the present and future scenarios, ranging from a minimum of 52,275.17 km² (RCP 2.6) to a maximum of 95,994.62 km² (RCP 4.5). In the future, the suitable habitat range would shift towards colder regions of India, where cultivation of S. asoca could be taken up, thus enabling effective management of the natural habitat and population of the species. This study will help understand the effects of climate change on S. asoca and its implications for conservation of the species.

Keywords

Climate Change, Distributional Changes, Ecological Niche Models, Niche Overlap, Saraca asoca.

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